Chopping machine



March 17, 1936. v. BORSAKOVSKY CHOPPING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 51, 1934 FiGui M 7020mm? Baesnmz/sw.

i ifW March 17, 1936. v. BORSAKOVSKY GHOPPING MACHINE Filed March 31, 1934 S Sheets-Sheet FIGA- m, ga

%ZDENHEBOESQKOVSKX March 17, 1936.

V. BORSAKOVSKY CHOPPING MACHINE Filed March 31, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 l owim/Pfiozsawkm 4/ 41% Patented 17, 1936 ATENT *QOFFICE cnorrme momma Voldemar Borsakovsky, Montrouge, France, assignor to Eugene Vincent Paris, France Application March 31, 1934, Serial In France, April 4, 1933 10 Claims. (01. 146-192) The object ofthe present invention is an improved mincing machine of the type comprising a feeding device, such for example, as a grating or perioratedplate, for the substance to betreat- 5 ed and a part capable of rotation provided with a certain number of knives or blades which cut the substance when it emerges from the orifices of said grating. The improvements which form the subject matter of the present invention consist in the following points: 1. Theaxis oi the knife-Garflercoincideswith the axis of the feed device of the substance to be minced; v y

2. The grating, or perforated plate,constitutes a portion or acylinder, the axis of which-is the rotational axis of the system, in such a manner that the emergence of the substance to be minced occurs in a direction which'is practically perpendicular to the driving-axis;

I 3'.- The knives are positioned on the inner wall of an outer crown or cup which is concentric with the feed device of the substance to be minced;

4'. The, adjunction to the knife carrier cup of automatic contrivances for the admission of fluids (gases or liquids) with which it is desired to treat the substance reduced to fine particles,

either with a, view to cooling it or to impart to it being assumed that the has been removed; Figure-7 shows, in; diagram, how a chopped any desired qualities (coloration,'bleaching, etc.) 5. The peculiar method or mounting the knives in the wall of the rotating cup by means of inserted parts some of which are integral with said cup while others are removable and may be constituted, according to different cases, by one or by two parts, said parts being provided with suit-- able devices for fixing and gripping them, the

whole'assembly being designed so as to ensure periect locking of the. knives in their housings or slots, said locking being greater. as the rotational speed of thecup becomes greater; 6. The peculiar method of mounting the inner- .portion oithe machine 'with a view to obtaining the ready removal of the inner organs or said machine and, more especially, of the feed device' of the substance to be, minced, with a view, 101 instance, to cleaning. the machine when'it has been functioning for a certain period; I "7. The insertion, between the inner wall of th hub of the fixed plate of the machine and the ball bearing of the main shaft, of a conical slit along the whole of its length; 1

8. A variant of the machine, making it possible, to evolve a double acting machine, in which said variant the substance, after having been chopped byarow of moving knives, solid with the rota cup. intoa mixing ro improved machine built together with the cup and on emerging iroin said -mixing chamber, said substance which has thus' been flung away from the center, is chopped again by a second series of fixed knivesanounted' on the inner walls ofthe fixed drum of the machine. 5 In the attached'drawings a certain number of embodiments of the invention have been shown in purely diagrammatic formas examples.

Figure 1 is a section of a first form of embodiment in which the -ieeding device of the sub- 1 stance to be chopped is driven by a helical gear driving wheel while the knife carrier device is driven 'by a vertical shaft electric motor;

Figure 2 is a section according to line II--1I of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view, similar to that in Figure 1 of another iorm of embodiment in which the kniiecarrier crown is fixed; a

Figure 4 is a part section, according to a vertical plane, of a firstform of embodiment of the 20 according to the invention; Figureii is a. section according-to line V-Vf of Figure 4.- This figure shows the various inserted parts which make it"possible to grip the knives 26 in the corresponding slots; v

Figure 6 is an end view 01' the rotating cup, it housing of the machine substance, homogeneous in consistency. is' obtained by the use of a large number oi knives;

Figure 8 is a view, similar to that inFigure 1,

of a variant comprising one row of moving knives and'one row of stationary kniveaand a rotating 35 mixing chamber interposed between said two rows of knives.

In the form of embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the substance to be chopped is fed, by hopper I to drum 2 whence it is drawn along 40 (by a screw or by an Archimedean screw 3, mounted loose on shaft! and actuated byhelical .gear wheel 5), towards cylindrical-grating 6. It

is on issuing from the orifices of said screen; that the substance undergoing treatment is choppedbylmives I or blades imbedded in the inner wall 01' cup or crown 8 mountedonaxis 9 which. is

an extension 01' shaft '4 of electric-motor ll. In the form of embodiment shown in- Figure 3. the substance to he. chopped drops, byflgravity,

from hopper i into rotatingv drum l2v which is.

.' provided, at the bottom, with a cylindrical grat v ing 6. Under these conditions, during the rotation of drum l2, the substance to be chopped comes opposite each one of 1 or fixed cup sopointl'lonthebottomofcuptintneirrespectiveseatinaathey' 50 said gripbecomin'g greaterinproporti thus making it possible also to obtain very minute and regular chopping of the substance undergoing treatment. I

In the form of embodiment shown in Figures 4 a to s, the substance to be chopped is likewise drawn along by a screw, or Archimedean screw, 3

mounted on main shaft I. Said screw leads the substance towards the outlet opposite the knives, or blades, 1 which are imbedded in the inner wall of cup or crown 8, mounted on ads 9 which is positioned onthe prolongation of shaft 4.

Blades I! are mounted on the bottom of rotat-' ing cup .8 and are intended to set up an intense draft of air when the device is functioning. Cool air is thus drawn'in through portsis and is.

'forced towards annular space I! provided between the stationary part of the machine and I the inner wall of the rotating cup opposite Owing to the current of air which is thus automatically setup, and which is intensified by blades it, it is possible to cool the mass to any desired degree in the course of the chopping operation. Instead of cool air it is likewise pos- 2 sible to introduce any gassy or liquid fiuidln order to impart any desired properties to the products issuing from the machine, For this purpose shaft'lis drilled to provide a channel ii to which is connected a duct l8 opening out at The fluid introduced in this manner is sprayed under the action of the current of air issuing from ports I! and by centrifugal force. It

reaches the knives under any desired head pressure. I

A method of'mounting the knives .on the inner wallofnotatingcupthasbeenshowninl 'lgure 5. Asisshowninthisfigmmknives'l arepositioned in suitable slots provided in the cup in such a mannerthattheymaybeheldinpositionbyfixed inserts ll, which are integral with the inner wall of said cup, and. by keys ll sum-2o; Said keys2laremadeupoftwopartsand,witha view to ensuring perfect'gripping of the knives provided as that which is comparatively large as shown at point 22 inFigure6.-

The knives are sharpened on side so that each knife provides two cutting edges which can be employed successively for chopping by merely turning the blade over. The clearance between the knife edges and' the corresponding outlet port can be adjusted by means of adjusting screw 21'; I said adjustment is effected when tightening upthe keys or the inserts.

Owing to the great number 'of knives with which. the machine is provided, particles which are of greater density which are flung out during the operation and which issue from any of orifices 22 become mixed with particles of lesser density issuing from more or less neighbouring orifices so that, when chopping is completed, the mass is perfectly homogeneous.

Indeed, referring to the diagram illustrated in- Figure 'I it will be noticed that each particle of '75 substance issuing from orifice 22, after being chopped by knife 1, is flung, under the action of centrifugal force, against the wall of housing D, between points M and N, according to the specific weight. of .said particle. Let us assume that the comparativ 1y heavy. particles accumulate at point M, e the lighter particles accumulate at point N. At the same time one of the adjoining knives 'l', which chop the sub-.

stance which -is positioned oppositeorifice 22', flings the light particles on to point M, whereas the heavy particles are flung to point N, so that finally a perfectly homogeneous mixture of the particles is obtained at all points of the housing.

Another feature of the improved machine which forms the subject matter of the invention.

is its compact construction and the arrangement of its components which permits, in particular, of ready dismantling of the components tioned inside the. machine when. for instance, it

- is desired to clean the machine after it has been working for a certain period. For this purpose,

according to the invention, stationary plate 13 and rotating cup 8,;the latter being held in position by. means of a nut II, are positioned respectively on main shaft 4 of the machine and on axis 1 which constitutes anextension to said main shaft 4. Between the inner wallof hub 25 of plate 23 and'ring 26 which is shrunken to ball bearing 21, a conical part a, slit along the whole of its length, is inserted and is; in turn, held fast in position by nut 18..

Finally, the device c a third nut 3| which serves to clamp plate 23 to the main body of the machine. Owing to this method 01 mting, and more particularly. to the-application of the three nuts 24', I! and 3|, the dismantling of the machine is rendered particularly easy. .In-

deed, it-is obvious that when these threenuts removed it becomes possible .to withdraw pl 23 together with conical part It and feed screw 3, .the bore of which is 'of greater diameter than the outer diameter of ring 2' which is solid with bailbearing'fl.

' The form of embodiment shown. in-Flgure e- .differs from the formof embodiment shown in- Figure 4 by the fact that it is provided with two rowsof knives I and "I' one of which is movable and solid with cup t while the other is stationary and. solid with a component fined to the machine; mixing chamber II. which is integral withv said cup,beinginterposedbetweensaidtworows;

This form of embodiment makes it possible to 0b.

tain very minute chopping.

'Ihecharacteristicfeatureoftheimproved machine which forms the subject matter of the invention resides in the fact that it makes it possible. at the same time. to reduce the substance under treatment to a very fine powder and to project the powder obtained in this way by means ofacurrent of fiuid atapressurewhichcanbe.

adjusted.

The arrangement which has just been described and represented in the drawings is given merely as an example; but it is not so limited and it will be understood that various modifications in the form and details of the device illustrated maybe made by those skilled in the art:

and without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, any other similar form of mounting the knives may be substituted to that hereinabove described, for instance one in which the rows of knives form a certain number of por-v tions of cylinders, each constituted by an undetermined number of knives and keys, or inserts, made in one piece, the clampingof said portions supporting. member that they of cylinders being obtained by means of movable k s, made of one part or of two parts, as here-- inabove set forth Similarly, instead of the screw, 'or Archimedean screw represented in. Figures 1 knife-supporting member, -means 'for rotating said feeding device and said knife-supporting member relative .to each other, the said helical means including a shaft commonto the two ele-. ments, the knives beings'o disposed on said knifeooe v 3 parallel to the axis of rotation and are arranged adjacent the periphery of the feeding device, the

said knife-supporting member substantially bowl-shaped and the said knife supporting 5 to 5, it is possible to provide for the feeding of member and shaft tting the conduits to co- 5 the-substance to'be treated by any other suitable operate between the ves, and to extend from means and, more particularly, by the action of the interior towards e annular space provided centrifugal force, by making the means, which between the'vertical part of the knife support?- I feeds the suhstancamovable. ing member and the circumference of said rol0 WhatI claim is: a tating helix, this space comprising the region in i. A chopping machine, comprising a feeding the immediate neighborhood of the sides of the device in the form of a rotating helix for feed .knives, in order to introduce a fluid capable of lag the substance to be chopped, 9. co-axial knifemixing with the particles detached from the masupporting member, and means for rotating said terial being cut.

l5 .helical knife-supporting member with respect to A chopping machine, comprising a feeding .15

' the feeding device,-the'knives being so disposed device, a coaxial knife-supporting member, on the knife-supporting member that their edges means for rotating'said feeding device and said are substantially parallel to the axis of rotation pp ng m mber relative to each other. and r disposed adjacent th periphery of the the said means including a shaft common to the 7 2o feeding device, the knife-supporting member be-- two elements, he knives be o p e on ing somewhat bowl-shaped and being adapted to said u por n mem er t a t y are ubtroduce a current of air into the space between stimtlally P l to the axis of rotation and are t and the feeding device and adjacent the knives arranged adiacelit t Pe p e y of t e feeding at the time that the latter are performing their device. e i po in emb bein su cutting operation, the current of air striking the stantially bowl-Shaped. and the a d ip- 25 substance at the moment when particles are Porting member a n m ans therein for inh i t t f troducing a current of air during the operation 2. A chopping machine, comprising a feeding of the machine into the space between said knifedevice in the form of a rotating helix, a coaxial Supporting e ber an d feeding device a d knife-supporting member, the latter being somedjacent-the region of the knife edges, and co- 30 what bowl-shaped, means for rotating said knifeoperating condu in said. af nd d knif supporting member with respect to said helical supporting member for introducing a id from feeding device, the knives being so disposed on the exterior sothat it can be thrust bythe air a knife-supporting member that their cutting current against the cut particles .of the substance edges are substantially parallel to the axisoof rob o t treat e latter. 3 tation and are arranged adjacent the periphery A chopping h compri'sing feeding of the feeding devicerand openings in the botdevice. a axial knife-supporting member, the tom of said .knif u orun member whereby latter being. somewhat bowl-shaped, means forair is sucked-into the space between the knifefli t d feedi d v n Said kn pt 40 m po t e member-and thefeeding device and S mg member with resPFctm Other 40 adjacent the knives during the rotation of the said knives beiPg disposed f said knife-support rotatable member, the current of air striking the in! member a their cutting edges are substimsubsta t e chopped at the moment when tially parallel to the axis of rotation and are-arparticles are being cut therefrom, the said curranged Mia-cent the Periphery of the feeding rent of bein drawn in through e openingss I vice, a mixing chamber being provided between 45 provided in t bottom, the m; supporting the knives and thewall exterior of the knives, member, this air being directed into the annular said h being mined integral .space comprised between the knife'supporting withthasaid member and the circumference of the rotating As an e machine, a

helix. "cylindrical knife-supporting member having an 50 3. A chopping m comprising a geedmg upturned periphery, knives disposed in said updevice, a coaxial kniiesn ortin b the ed periphery with their cutting edges sublatter being somewhat bowl-shaped, means for s fl y Parallel to h longitudinal axis f Said rotating said knif ti member th member, and locking strips removably fitted on n gpect to said f di device, t kmvesbemg so each side of said knives and between adjacent disposed on said knifet member t r knives, for locking the knives into position. their. cuttin edges ar substantially parallel to 8. In a chopping machine, a feeding device the axis of rotatio a d ar arranged adjacent for 'the substance to be chopped, a casing about the periphery of the feedi g d openings in said feeding device and having openings disposed t tt of said knigessuppm-ting member about the side thereof near the bottom, a clamp 60 whereby air is sucked into the space between the plate forming the bottom of said casing and knife-supporting member and the feedin device; cooperating with the feeding device to thrust the and adjacent the knives during the rotation of substance to chopped u wardly throu h said the said rotatable member, and bladesalso disopenings, -a shaft extending centrally through posed interiorly of the bottom of said knife-su said feeding device, a ball bearing on said shaft, porting member for creating turbulence of the a ring about said ball bearing, and a wedgeincoming air. forced between said ring and Said amp plate;

A h nins machine, comprising a feeding to fix the latter n place. r n 7o device in the form of a rotating helix, a coaxial 9. In a choppingfmachine, a feeding device for the substance to be chopped, a casing about -'said feeding device and having openings disposed about the side'thereof near the bottom, a clamp plate forming the bottom of said casing and 00- operating with the feeding deviceto thrust the substance to be chopped outwardly thro hp nin s, a shaft extending centrally through said feeding device, a ball bearing on said shaft,

" bearing on said shaft, a second nut abuttin against clamp plate and locking the wedge 1n position, and a-third nut serving to clamp the plate against the casing.

10. A chopping machine, comprising a feeding device for the substance to be chopped, a coaxial knife-supporting member, means for rotating said device and said knife-supporting member with respect to each other, a casing about said feeding device and" having openings therein near the bottom thereof, an annular skirt extending outwardly from the casing near the bottom thereof, and having a downturned flange at its outer edge the said downturned flange having openings therein, knives supported in said last- 5 mentioned openings, the said flange and bottom of the casing proper forminga recess,'the' said knife supporting memberhaving a cup received in said recess, knives supported in said cup ad- Jacent the first openings, and a mixing chami0 thereby ensuring thoroughmixing of the chopped particles.

mum BonsAxovsxn 15 

